Page 7 - Water and Fluid Separation News
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December 08, 2011
This week the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) fined a carbon steel foundry in Wisconsin $95,480 for willfully overexposing their workers to crystalline silica, a known carcinogen. Ironically, this news comes shortly after a group of citizens petitioned the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNS) to adopt more stringent rules governing emissions of respirable crystalline silica. Crystalline silica is a particularly dangerous air pollutant because it is a basic component of soil, sand, brick, granite and other common materials. As a byproduct of many everyday industrial processes like mining, construction, and glass manufacturing, it is a ubiquitous presence for some workers. Industrial processes that involve abrasive blasting or the use of sand and quartz are also sources of crystalline silica exposure, which is why many of these workers are concerned over the increasing popularity of fracking in their state. The hydraulic fracturing (AKA “Fracking”) process
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December 05, 2011
In order to keep costs down many companies perform in-house testing on the lubricating oil and hydraulic fluid in their machinery to monitor it for particulate contamination. While most facilities can’t match the detailed analysis that an oil analysis laboratory can provide, there are some commercially available kits out there that allow users to get a good idea about the quality of their industrial fluids instantly. This process is commonly known as a “patch test” and it includes the use of MCE filters to collect and isolate debris for evaluation (“patches” is a colloquial term for filters in the oil analysis industry). The ISO recognizes the important link between contaminated oils and component life and has published a cleanliness code as well as various standard methods, such as ISO 4406:1999, that testers can reference to determine how much particulate is acceptable. For the filtration aspect, our customers often use the sterile MCE membrane filters, which are individually wrapped
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November 28, 2011
The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure as described in EPA Method 1311 is designed to determine the mobility of organic and inorganic analytes present in different forms of waste. This procedure involves extracting and filtering waste samples using specific types of glass fiber filters and extraction vessels. When following this procedure, there are two kinds of vessel that can be used to extract samples for analysis, the bottle extraction vessel and the zero-headspace extraction vessel. Which type of vessel you use depends on the volatility of the analyte being sampled. Nonvolatile analytes can be tested using a bottle extraction vessel, while the zero-headspace extraction vessel must be used when testing for the mobility of volatile analytes. Examples of volatile analytes include: acetone, benzene, methanol, toluene, and vinyl chloride. The EPA Method specifies that the filter for both liquid and solid waste (the latter is filtered after solid phase extraction) be a 0.6 to 0.8
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November 15, 2011A new report from Lux Research indicates that the worldwide market for membranes is expected to nearly double by 2020, from $1.5 billion to $2.8 billion (USD). One of the main reasons for this growth is advancements in membrane technology which will increase their utility. Improvements in fouling resistance and chemical tolerance open the door for membranes to be used in applications that they couldn’t perform before, such as industrial water treatment. Another reason for optimism in the membrane industry is the continued market strength in the industries that purchase membranes. The food & beverage, pharmaceutical, desalination, environmental, and biotechnology sectors all commonly use membranes in their processes and are all expected to continue growing in the United States and around the world.
What do you think? Do you see yourself using membranes more often 10 years from now? Also visit Filtration + Separation for more information on this report.
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October 24, 2011The Environmental Protection Agency announced last week that they are planning to develop standards for wastewater discharges produced by natural gas extraction from underground coalbed and shale formations (a process commonly referred to as “Fracking”). This method of extraction involves fracturing rock formations by injecting them with a pressurized fluid consisting mostly of water, a little bit of sand, and some chemical additives as well. The debate over the possible environmental consequences of fracking is a hot button issue right now, and since its popularity has grown to the point where it now accounts for about 15% of all natural gas production in the US, it is understandable that the EPA wants to look into setting some uniform regulations. Any potential EPA standards in this area can be broken down into two areas: shale gas standards and coalbed methane standards. In shale gas extraction, wastewater is prohibited from being discharged into waterways. Instead, it is either recycled
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October 20, 2011
The simple act of machine washing our clothes may be causing serious environmental damage, according to a new study from University College Dublin. A research team led by Dr. Mark Browne has traced a path from washing machine wastewater to abnormally high concentrations of microplastic debris found all over the world. The problem arises because the synthetic fibers that many of today’s clothes are made of, polyester and acrylic, get rinsed by the machine. While we may not notice it, one cycle can strip as much 1,900 fibers off each piece of synthetic clothing! These dangerous fibers eventually make their way to the ocean and wash up on our beaches. Research also shows that the pollutants are eaten by mussels and locusts, which can then work their way up the food chain to humans. As a part of this study Dr. Browne’s team investigated 18 sites on six continents and through forensic analysis was able to match the proportions of polyester and acrylic fiber present in these sites with their
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September 29, 2011Today’s Laboratory Equipment newsletter features an interesting article on how Purdue researchers have created a water-disinfection system that uses ultraviolet radiation from the sun to remove pathogens. With 800 million people unable to access clean drinking water, the potential for water-cleaning system that can be powered by natural resources is tremendous. According to Water.org and the United Nations Human Development Report, every 20 seconds a child dies from a water-related disease. This water treatment device uses a parabolic reflector to capture sunlight and focus it onto a UV-transparent pipe through which the water flows. In a brilliant development, the reflector is made out of a type of wood, paulownia, which is inexpensive and easy to find in regions around the equator where these systems are most needed. Since these people do not have significant funds or materials, for any solution to be effective it would have to be inexpensive and practical to construct. In tests the UV
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August 29, 2011On September 1st a new web portal created specifically for water and wastewater management will officially launch to fill the industry’s need for a comprehensive database on water infrastructure in the United States. Dubbed WATERiD, this project is funded by Virginia Tech and it is the brainchild of Sunil Sinha, a National Science Foundation Career Award recipient for his work in sustainable water infrastructure management systems. One of the biggest problems in water utility management is figuring out when to replace pipelines and equipment, before things break and cause serious problems. It’s estimated that at least 2 million miles of the nation’s infrastructure is nearing the end of its useful life, and at present there is no singular resource for utilities to consult when making a decision on when to make replacements. This is the primary need WATERiD is looking to address. By collecting various technical papers, case studies, and research data this knowledge base can minimize the loss
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August 17, 2011Western Biodiesel Inc. was fined $160,000 (Canadian dollars) yesterday by the Provincial Court of Alberta for releasing wastewater that contained methanol into the environment and for providing false or misleading statements to investigators. The fine is the outcome of an incident in October 2008 in which Western Biodiesel dumped around 16,000 liters of methanol-laced water onto its property. Problems arose for Western Biodiesel the day after this release occurred when an unsuspecting welder accidentally ignited the wastewater with his torch, causing a fire that luckily yielded no injuries. In what had to be an incredibly gutsy and foolish move, the (now former) plant manager denied the release occurred when investigators showed up. He was later sentenced to four months house arrest. So besides dumping it in a river and hoping nobody lights a match, what are the actual proper methods of methanol disposal? Methods for extracting methanol from biodiesel include: Vacuum stripping, flash evaporation,
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July 20, 2011
The Silt Density Index is most frequently used to determine fouling potential prior to RO filtration. You can think of SDI as a bouncer, keeping the riff-raff out of the RO feed water. The higher the number, the greater the likelihood of fouling. The maximum SDI number allowed depends on the type of RO membrane being used; most manufacturers recommend a maximum SDI of 4 or 5. SDI is found by calculating the rate at which a membrane filter is plugged. ASTM standard D4189-07 defines that the nominal filter for this application is a white hydrophilic MCE membrane filter, with 0.45 ?m pore size and a 47 mm diameter. The reason this particular membrane is used is that it is more susceptible to plugging from colloidal material than from hard particles such as sand, therefore giving a better indication of the factors that might plug an RO membrane down the line. Other measures that can be derived from the SDI include the plugging factor and the Modified Fouling Index (MFI). The plugging factor
